What is the effect of calling MAX-HEAPIFY(\(A, i\)) when the element \(A[i]\) is larger than its children?

The procedure runs once and makes no changes to the heap. Specifically, the if check on line 3 fails and so largest is set to \(i\). The if check on line 6 fails and so largest’s value is still \(i\), causing the if check on line 8 to fail and so the procedure terminates without calling itself.